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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Which of these is NOT an example of target hardening ?
A
anti-social behavior orders
Option A
B
Steering locks
Option B
C
burglar alrams
Option C
D
CCTV
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
What is the term that describes repeat offending by those who have been in prison ?
A
rehabilitation
Option A
B
deterrence
Option B
C
reform
Option C
D
recidivism
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Lombroso claimed that______________?
A
criminals were socialized into an underworld of crime
Option A
B
no act is intrinsically deviant
Option B
C
biological failings drove some people into crime
Option C
D
women were less likely to be arrested than men
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
The term ‘secondary deviation refers to_________________?
A
The punishment or stigmatization of deviant acts
Option A
B
the labelling of an act as deviant through social reaction to it
Option B
C
the ways in which taking on a deviant role affects future action
Option C
D
All of the above
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
The Mafia is an example of____________?
A
White collar crime
Option A
B
organized crime
Option B
C
none-criminal deviance
Option C
D
global terrorism
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
How is terrorism different from the types of crime described by the Chicago School ?
A
it is a committed on a larger, often global, scale, and is well organized
Option A
B
it is associated with political conflict between states and their citizens
Option B
C
it can have far-reaching effects upon international relations
Option C
D
all of the above
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Sociologists believe that no behavior is____________?
A
Without a deal of grate variation
Option A
B
inherently deviant
Option B
C
totally in keeping with tradition
Option C
D
Without a corresponding judgment
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Peer approval of your actions would be a good example of_____________?
A
age-specific support
Option A
B
informal social control
Option B
C
internalization of norms
Option C
D
formal social control
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
The of “who defines deviance” has principally been addressed by what sociological theory ?
A
Differential Association
Option A
B
Conflict
Option B
C
Positivism
Option C
D
Social Control
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Conflict theory’s primary suggestion for reducing crime and deviance involves the_____________?
A
Substantial reduction of economic inequality
Option A
B
Subordination of the agents of social control
Option B
C
redefinition of acts that are currently defined as criminal
Option C
D
amelioration of social welfare activities
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Psychological positivism stresses the key role that _______ plays in the development of conformist of criminal belief systems?
A
pre-natal nutrition
Option A
B
hormones
Option B
C
genetic abnormalities
Option C
D
early childhood
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
According to Strain theory, ____ are those individuals who have traditional success goals but substitute deviant means by which to achieve them ?
A
ritualists
Option A
B
ret realists
Option B
C
rebels
Option C
D
innovators
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
What sociological theory of crime and deviance emphasizes sub-cultural belief systems as a major contributor to crime ?
A
Social Control theory
Option A
B
Anomie theory
Option B
C
Lower Class Focal Value theory
Option C
D
Social Process theory
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Social Control theory attempts to explain_____________?
A
conformity
Option A
B
corporate crime
Option B
C
Psychologically-based crime
Option C
D
lower-class crime
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Labelling theory came into prominence during which decade of the twentieth century ?
A
1950s
Option A
B
1980s
Option B
C
1940s
Option C
D
1960s
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Labelling theory encourages ________ as a way to completely avoid the stigmatization process?
A
restitution
Option A
B
legalization
Option B
C
radical non-intervention
Option C
D
decriminalization
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Which of the following statements about crime and deviance is false ?
A
the concept of ‘deviance’ is much broader than ‘crime’
Option A
B
deviance and crime very often overlap
Option B
C
the concept of deviance can be applied to individuals and groups
Option C
D
deviance is normally sanctioned by law
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
What is Howard Becker’s famous definition of deviance ?
A
deviant behavior is behavior that is labelled so by the law
Option A
B
deviant behavior is behavior that people so label
Option B
C
deviant behavior is that labelled by the perpetrators
Option C
D
deviant behavior is that which causes public offence
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
The approach to crime prevention based on increased surveillance (such as CCTV and Neighborhood Watch schemes) and target hardening (such as a car immobilizers and better home security) is known as what ?
A
the new criminology
Option A
B
broken windows theory
Option B
C
situational crime prevention
Option C
D
deviance reduction theory
Option D
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MEDIUM
ENGLISH
Sociology
Which one of the following is an example of a ‘third generation’ or true cybercrime ?
A
international drug dealing via email
Option A
B
The global trade in online pornography
Option B
C
the vandalizing of virtual environments
Option C
D
theft of goods sold via online action websites
Option D
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