From gross production of autotrophs, according to Lindemann, how much energy in gcal/cm2/year is used in respiration and decomposition respectively:

Question

Accepted Answer

29.3, 3.5. Lindemann's trophic-dynamic concept states that approximately 90% of energy is lost as heat (respiration) and only about 10% is transferred to the next level. The values 29.3 gcal/cm²/year for respiration and 3.5 gcal/cm²/year for decomposition align with standard ecological efficiency data derived from his work on ecosystem energetics.