For centuries, the concept of intelligence was often perceived through a rigid lens: it was viewed as an innate endowment, a fixed quantity inherited at birth, much like height or eye colour. This deterministic view suggested that one's cognitive potential was immutable; effort could only polish what was already present. However, modern psychological research has introduced a compelling counter-narrative. Proponents of this shift argue that intelligence is not a static reservoir but rather a dynamic capacity, highly susceptible to environmental stimulation and deliberate practice. While acknowledging the foundational role of inherent aptitude, contemporary thought emphasizes neuroplasticity—the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Therefore, understanding intelligence requires moving beyond simple measurement; it demands recognizing the ongoing interplay between genetic predisposition and cultivated experience as the primary engine for intellectual growth.

According to the passage, what is the central argumentative shift regarding the nature of intelligence?

Question

For centuries, the concept of intelligence was often perceived through a rigid lens: it was viewed as an innate endowment, a fixed quantity inherited at birth, much like height or eye colour. This deterministic view suggested that one's cognitive potential was immutable; effort could only polish what was already present. However, modern psychological research has introduced a compelling counter-narrative. Proponents of this shift argue that intelligence is not a static reservoir but rather a dynamic capacity, highly susceptible to environmental stimulation and deliberate practice. While acknowledging the foundational role of inherent aptitude, contemporary thought emphasizes neuroplasticity—the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Therefore, understanding intelligence requires moving beyond simple measurement; it demands recognizing the ongoing interplay between genetic predisposition and cultivated experience as the primary engine for intellectual growth.

According to the passage, what is the central argumentative shift regarding the nature of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The move from seeing intelligence as a fixed trait to understanding it as a malleable capacity shaped by experience and effort.. A is incorrect because the passage suggests inherent aptitude still has a foundational role, not a minimal one. B is correct because it accurately captures the core movement from 'fixed' to 'malleable capacity shaped by experience'. C is incorrect because the passage stresses that neuroplasticity interacts with, rather than entirely negates, innate abilities. D is incorrect because the passage emphasizes an *interplay* between environment and predisposition, not sole determination by environment.